Zinc: Zinc is an important element in nutrition with a wide range of biological roles and is essential for the function of nearly 100 enzymes. It is present in all organs, tissues, fluids, and secretions of the body and is necessary for protein and DNA synthesis, cell division, and growth and development throughout various life stages. Unfortunately, the prevalence of moderate to severe zinc deficiency is high in developing countries, including Iran.
Increased Appetite and Improved Growth: Zinc supports growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence. Zinc deficiency is associated with reduced taste and smell, loss of appetite, and delayed growth. The most noticeable signs of zinc deficiency in children are stunted growth and lack of appetite. Zinc supplementation in prepubescent children has a positive effect on growth and serum zinc concentration, especially in short and underweight children. Delayed sexual maturation and sexual dysfunction are also signs of zinc deficiency. Zinc is one of the most important minerals in bones and plays a significant role in stimulating bone-forming cells and bone mass formation. Since the body has little zinc reserves, it needs to be consumed daily.
Strengthening the Immune System: Adequate zinc intake boosts immune system function; zinc deficiency leads to weakened immunity and, in severe cases, an increased risk of infections and diarrhea.
Maintaining Skin, Hair, and Nail Health: Zinc actively participates in the skin repair process and is effective in treating skin inflammations and disorders, particularly during adolescence and puberty. Zinc deficiency or reduction is one of the main causes of sores. Additionally, zinc aids in the rapid healing of wounds, especially those caused by burns or surgical procedures.
B Vitamins: A group of water-soluble vitamins that strengthen the nervous system and improve the health of skin, hair, and nails. B vitamins play a crucial role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and energy production. Deficiency in these vitamins is associated with loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness, and lethargy. Folic acid (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12 are essential for DNA synthesis, normal cell division, and the formation of red blood cells; hence, their deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin C: Vitamin C is an antioxidant vitamin that boosts the immune system. It also participates in collagen synthesis, which is the main protein of skin, bones, cartilage, and tendons. Furthermore, vitamin C increases the absorption of zinc.
